User Model Acquisition Heuristics Based on Dialogue Acts

نویسندگان

  • Wolfgang Pohl
  • Alfred Kobsa
  • Oliver Kutter
چکیده

A wide-spread technique for user model acquisition is the use of acquisition heuristics, which are normally employed for inferring assumptions about the user’s beliefs or goals from observed user actions. These beliefs or goals can often be characterized as presuppositions to communicative actions that the user performs. In the area of natural-language systems, presupposition analysis techniques have been applied for making assumptions about the dialogue partner based on the types of speech acts that he or she employs. In this paper, we will generalize this approach and investigate the analysis of so-called ‘dialogue acts’, i.e. communicative actions on the user interface whose execution entails user beliefs or goals as presuppositions of the action. Dialogue act types with schematic presuppositions will be proposed as a means for formulating and generalizing user model acquisition heuristics. Several dialogue act types, both general ones applicable to any interactive system and specialized ones for an adaptive hypertext, are presented. The BGP-MS user modeling shell system contains a dialogue act analysis component that allows the developer of an adaptive application to define relevant dialogue act types and associated presupposition patterns. During run-time, the application can then inform BGP-MS about observed dialogue acts. BGP-MS will instantiate the presupposition patterns of the corresponding dialogue act type and enter them into the current user model. L’aquisition d’un modèle d’utilisateur se fait communément par des heuristiques qui permettent à travers l’observation d’actions de l’utilisateur d’inférer des hypothèses sur les croyances ou les buts de celui-ci. Souvent ces croyances ou ces buts peuvent être considérés comme des présuppositions nécessaires à l’action communicative que l’utilisateur effectue. Dans le domaine du traitement du langage naturel, des techniques d’analyse de présuppositions ont été mises en œuvre pour établir des hypothèses sur l’interlocuteur sur la base du type d’acte de la parole qu’il utilise. Dans cet article, nous généralisons cette approche et étudions le traitement de ce que nous avons appelé ‘actes du dialogue’, c’est-à-dire d’actions communicatives effectuées par l’intermédiaire de l’interface homme-machine et dont l’exécution entraı̂ne des croyances ou des buts de l’utilisateur en tant que présupposition à cette action. Nous proposons l’utilisation de types d’actes du dialogue qui contiennent les schemas de présuppositions pour aider à la formulation et à la généralisation d’heuristiques pour l’aquisition du modèle d’utilisateur. Nous montrons plusieurs types d’acte, tant généraux en ce qu’ils s’appliquent à n’importe quel système interactif que spécialisés, ici pour un système hypertexte. Le système d’aide à la modélisation d’utilisateurs BGP-MS contient une composante de traitement d’actes du dialogue qui permet au développeur d’un logiciel adaptif de définir les types d’actes du dialogue utiles ainsi que la forme des présuppositions associées. Pendant l’exécution, le logiciel peut informer BGP-MS de l’observation de ces actes. BGP-MS instancie alors le schema des présuppositions concernées et incorpore celles-ci dans le modèle d’utilisateur courant.

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تاریخ انتشار 1995